In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan . An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan or Galuoshan, which meant "war" in Old Turkic. [32], According to the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, it was said that An was attempting to increase his own strength and planning a rebellion, and in 747, he claimed to be building Fort Xiongwu () and asked fellow military governor Wang Zhongsi to contribute troops, hoping to hold onto the troops that Wang would send and not return them. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). Wars of Alexander the Great. A series of natural disasters, including drought, severe storms and floods, which caused terrible suffering among the Chinese people, were perceived as signs that Heaven was displeased with the conduct of the Emperor. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. As Zhang believed that he was obese, he did not dare to eat too much while in Zhang's presence, and this drew Zhang's favor. The power of the jiedushi, or provincial military governors, increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the rebels, taking administrative power away from the scholar-officials. an lushan rebellion death toll percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. [30] Why do you want to cane An Lushan to death?" Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. Thanks. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Wikimedia Commons. You must log in or register to reply here. Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. [32], In 744, with further praises from the powerful chancellor Li Linfu and Pei Kuan, An was, in addition to Pinglu, made the military governor of Fanyang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Beijing). Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. Result: Tang victory . From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. In 732, when the general Zhang Shougui () was governing You Prefecture (, roughly modern Beijing), it was discovered that An Lushan had stolen sheep. Referensi [ sunting | sunting An Qingxu was then killed by a subordinate, general Shi Siming, who soon afterwards recaptured the city of Luoyang. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. Okay something I do not get about it. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. Zhong, Han. But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. "Qidan boxing shi (History of the rise of the Khitan)". Chinese territory increased enormously and the COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) Lady Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu (executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history. JavaScript is disabled. TIL that, in terms of global population, the deadliest conflict of all time was the Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. Geshu's subordinate Huoba Guiren () seized him and surrendered to Yan forces. In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "The An Lushan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China," in Perry, John Curtis, and Bardwell L. Smith. A census taken in 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 10. You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. The Revolt of An Lushan. 2. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. It is estimated to have caused the death of thirty-six million people, due to battle, oppression and famine. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. Capturing Beijing on April 24, 1644, the last Ming Emperor hung himself in the imperial garden and Zicheng proclaimed himself the Shun Emperor. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. [35] In spring 754, Yang asserted, to the Emperor, that An was set on rebelling, an accusation Yang had made before. Led by General An Lushan, the Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. Between 4 oz. Press J to jump to the feed. He paid frequent visits to the capital and became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. This seemingly large figure was merely a shadow of the population during the preceding Han dynasty, under which 10,677,960 households included at least 56,486,856 individuals a decline of more than 40,000,000 over the hundred year conflict. Following an attempted coup within the Heavenly Empire in 1856, the Xian Army seized the opportunity to reclaim large portions of conquered land. Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. When Zhang returned to Chang'an and praised An, Emperor Xuanzong promoted An to be the commandant at Ying Prefecture and the commander of Pinglu Army, to defend against the Khitan, the Xi, Balhae, and the Heishui Mohe.
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